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Altar (Catholicism)
In the liturgy of the Roman Rite of the Catholic Church, the altar is the table on which the Sacrifice of the Mass is offered.〔("Altar" ). Merriam-Webster.com. Retrieved on 2014-03-19.〕 Mass may sometimes be celebrated outside a sacred place, but traditionally never without an altar, or at least an altar stone until recent changes, a corporal now being sufficient.
In the rites used in the Eastern Catholic churches, altar can also refer to the whole space surrounding the table within the church building (the area called the sanctuary in the West), with the table itself called the Holy Table.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=The Byzantine Altar )〕
==Precedent==
In ecclesiastical history we find only two exceptions: St. Lucian (312) is said to have celebrated Mass on his breast whilst in prison, and Theodore, Bishop of Tyre on the hands of his deacons.〔Mabillon, Praef. in 3 saec., n. 79.〕 According to Radulphus of Oxford (Prop. 25), Pope Sixtus II (257-259) was the first to prescribe that Mass should be celebrated on an altar, and the rubric of the missal (XX) is merely a new promulgation of the law. It signifies, according to Amalarius〔De Eccles. Officiis, I, xxiv.〕 the Table of the Lord (''mensa Domini''), referring to the Last Supper, or the Cross,〔St. Bernard, De Coena Domini.〕 or Christ.〔St. Ambrose, IV, De Sacram. xii; Abbot Rupert, V, xxx.〕 The last meaning explains the honour paid to it by incensing it, and the five crosses engraved on it signify his five wounds.
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